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Les feux de forêt augmentent en 2021 et 2022, conclut le récent rapport du CCR

500 500 hectares de terres ont brûlé en 2021, conclut le rapport annuel du Centre Commun de Recherche sur les incendies de forêt en Europe, au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nord de 2022. En 2020, la surface brûlée s’élevait à 340 000 hectares (comparer avec le précédent rapport du CCR). Sur ces 500 500 hectares, 100 000 étaient situés dans les zones protégées du réseau Natura 2000, qui est particulièrement important en montagne.

Les pays les plus touchés par les incendies de forêt, en termes de nombre d’hectares brûlés, sont l’Italie et la Grèce, suivis de l’Espagne, du Portugal et de la France.

Le rapport souligne la difficulté de lutter contre les incendies en montagne, où les contraintes géographiques – telles que les pentes raides et les zones reculées et difficiles d’accès – compliquent le travail des pompiers.

 

Les différentes causes des incendies

Le CCR reconnaît l’impact évident du changement climatique sur les feux de forêt, dont le nombre et la gravité augmentent chaque année. En particulier, les vagues de chaleur et les sécheresses plus intenses contribuent à augmenter les risques et l’intensité des incendies, y compris en dehors de la saison estivale.

Toutefois, le CCR note également que 96 % des feux de forêt sont causés par l’homme. Le rapport souligne, par exemple, que dans certains endroits, comme les Alpes italiennes, le confinement de 2021 dû à la pandémie de COVID-19 a contribué à une diminution du nombre d’incendies, moins de personnes étant présentes dans les zones boisées.

Ainsi, des efforts de prévention mais aussi de détection et de réponse rapide sont nécessaires pour faire face à ces incendies. Euromontana participe au projet FIRE-RES, financé par H2020, dont l’objectif est de développer une approche intégrée paneuropéenne de la gestion des feux et de mettre au point des innovations pour faire face aux incendies de forêt extrêmes. FIRE-RES compte 11 Living Labs dans différentes régions d’Europe et au-delà.

 

À quoi faut-il s’attendre pour 2022 ?

Le rapport annuel du CCR sur les incendies de forêt est toujours basé sur le recensement final des incendies de l’année précédente. Toutefois, le rapport fournit également quelques conclusions préliminaires concernant 2022.

Il est d’ores et déjà établi que 2022 sera l’année qui enregistrera le plus grand nombre d’incendies depuis 2006, avec déjà 860 000 hectares brûlés à ce jour. 2022 devrait également être l’année de la sécheresse la plus grave en Europe depuis les 500 dernières années.

Dans le cadre de notre projet FIRE-RES, nous avons publié des articles sur la façon dont des territoires montagneux comme la Catalogne ou Lesbos ont géré les feux pendant l’été 2022.

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18 novembre 2022

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