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L’OCDE mesure les contributions de différentes régions à la croissance cumulée

Dans la lignée des résultats de recherche diffusés à l’occasion de la conférence RURBAN, l’OCDE a publié un document de travail rédigé collectivement sur les contributions de différentes régions à la croissance cumulée des pays de l’OCDE.

Les auteurs rappelent que, bien que les taux de croissance nationaux aient convergé dans la période 1995-2009, il y a une disparité grandissante dans les niveaux de PIB/habitant régionaux. Les chercheurs ont décidé de calculer les contributions des différents types de régions à la croissance cumulée et d’explorer l’impact des forces d’agglomération et de convergence qui sont à l’oeuvre dans les différents types de régions.

Ils démontrent qu’un petit nombre de grandes régions contribue de manière disproportionnée à la croissance totale alors que de très nombreuses petites régions ont des contributions marginales (moins de 0.7% chacune). En revanche, comme elles sont beaucoup plus nombreuses, ces petites régions ont une contribution cumulée supérieure à celles des grandes régions. Si on prend les chiffres, 2.4% des régions (20) contribuent 27% de la croissance cumulée des pays de l’OCDE alors que les 97.6% contribuent 73% de cette croissance cumulée.

De façon à comparer les régions principalement urbaines et principalement rurales, l’OCDE a distribué les régions en quatre groupes dépendant de leur niveau initial de PIB/habitant et des taux de croissance annuelle:

1- les régions riches qui croissent plus vite que la moyenne OCDE

2- les régions riches qui croissent moins vite que la moyenne OCDE,

3- les régions moins développées qui croissent plus vite que la moyenne OCDE,

4- les régions moins développées qui croissent moins vite que la moyenne OCDE,

La comparaison des groupes montre clairement que, bien que beaucoup de régions urbaines croissent plus vites que les régions rurales, beaucoup de régions rurales ont également dépassé des régions urbaines en termes de croissance du PIB par habitant sur la période.

La publication conclue que les opportunités de croissance peuvent exister dans tous les types de régions. Les auteurs expliquent également que la concentration la plus large de taux de croissance supérieurs à la moyenne a été trouvée dans les régions de taille moyenne.

Le message envoyé aux décideurs politiques est que, tout en assurant que les quelques régions avec les contributions à la croissance les plus fortes restent compétitives, la performance des zones périphériques et mêmes des zones les moins développées ne doit pas être négligée, car leur contribution cumulée est dominante.

Une confirmation scientifique de l’article 174 du traité sur la cohésion territoriale et un plaidoyer pour des politiques de développement territorialisées.

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26 mars 2014

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