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Etes-vous aussi partisan de prairies permanentes pour l’amélioration de l’élevage ?

Dans les zones de montagne, l’herbe est le principal composant de l’alimentation des ruminants. La qualité du pâturage joue un rôle direct sur la production d’origine animale. Un des désavantages des espèces traditionnellement présentes dans les pâturages est qu’elles nécessitent des apports élevés en azote et offrent aux animaux une nourriture peu concentrée en protéines. C’est la raison pour laquelle les animaux en pâturage ont une productivité plus faible.

Cultiver des prairies permanentes donne la possibilité de combiner dans les pâturages différentes espèces et variétés sur le long terme et de faire face ainsi à la variabilité locale des conditions pédologiques et climatiques. Les espèces de plantes appartenant aux légumineuses (Fabacées) peuvent apporter de l’azote dans le système de et donc augmenter la productivité des élevages à faible coût. En effet, elles ont la capacité de créer des symbioses avec les Rhizobium, des bactéries qui ont la capacité de fixer l’azote atmosphérique. Au final, les prairies permanentes peuvent permettre d’améliorer la structure du sol, de lutter contre l’érosion et d’augmenter la capacité de rétention d’eau et, au final, de produire des viandes et du lait de haute qualité. Pour ces raisons, les prairies permanentes peuvent contribuer de manière significative à l’amélioration de la production animale.

David Crespo, ancien agriculteur, chercheur au centre INIA à Elvas (Portugal) et consultant à la FAO a développé les concepts de prairies permanentes biodiverses riches en légumineuses (BPPRL) et de cultures fourragères biodiverses riche en légumineuses (BFCRL). C’est dans sa propre ferme à Vaiamonte au Portugal qu’il est passé de la théorie à la pratique. Après avoir commencé avec 42ha, il compte aujourd’hui 264 ha de prairies BPPRL en culture pluviale et 80 ha de prairies BFCRL sous irrigation partielle. La ferme avait initialement 300 brebis mérinos et ferme compte aujourd’hui 2200 brebis laitières Asaf. Les terres sous BPPRL ont un sol présentant une matière organique quatre fois plus riche.

Le rapport «Comprendre l’agriculture de montagne » de la FAO montre également des exemples concrets sur la façon dont les pâturages permanents et la diversité des cultures peut augmenter la productivité des terres dans les zones de montagne (cliquez ici pour plus d’informations sur ce rapport).

Si vous voulez en savoir plus sur cette initiative, cliquez ici (anglais seulement).

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27 septembre 2015

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