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Les zones protégées des montagnes durement touchées par les incendies de forêt en 2019, selon un nouveau rapport

Le Centre Commun de Recherche de la Commission européenne a récemment publié la 20ème édition de son rapport annuel sur les incendies de forêt, révélant que 400 000 hectares ont brûlé dans l’UE en 2019. Un chiffre qu’il convient de nuancer : s’il est deux fois plus élevé qu’en 2018, l’année 2019 est l’une des moins mauvaises en termes de surface touchée depuis 1980 grâce à une meilleure réaction des équipes d’intervention.

La situation dans les zones protégées est toutefois alarmante, 50 % des incendies de forêt en 2019 ayant été enregistrés dans des sites Natura2000. La Roumanie en premier lieu, suivie de la France et de l’Italie, ont été les pays les plus touchés en termes de sites protégés endommagés par les flammes (l’Espagne, le Portugal, l’Italie et la France restent les 4 premiers pays en termes d’hectares brûlés). En Roumanie, les incendies de forêt étaient principalement dus à la gestion des pâturages avec un temps plus sec et plus chaud. Les incendies les plus longs du pays se sont également produits dans des zones montagneuses, avec des difficultés d’accès pour les unités de protection des forêts. En France, les Pyrénées ont également été durement touchées par les incendies, tandis qu’en Italie, 24 % des incendies se sont produits dans des zones montagneuses.

43% des sites Natura2000 en Europe sont situés en montagne. Nos régions sont des sources de biodiversité uniques mais sont en même temps particulièrement vulnérables aux incendies de forêts en raison de l’abandon des terres et du changement climatique.

 

Comment les politiques de l’UE peuvent-elles lutter contre les incendies de forêt au cours de la prochaine décennie ?

Ces nouvelles données plaident en faveur d’une meilleure gestion des forêts dans les zones de montagne. Au-delà de l’augmentation simple de la surface forestière, il est essentiel de développer les connaissances sur le changement climatique et la protection des forêts, ainsi que de promouvoir une approche intégrée et préventive de la gestion des risques naturels.

La Commission européenne devrait présenter au premier trimestre 2021 une nouvelle Stratégie pour les Forêts pour 2030, qui devrait fixer de nouveaux objectifs en termes de protection des forêts à la lumière du changement climatique et de la résilience aux incendies de forêts. La Commission européenne a récemment publié une feuille de route sur cette stratégie, sur laquelle vous pouvez donner votre avis jusqu’au 4 décembre 2020. Une consultation plus détaillée devrait également s’ouvrir à la fin de l’année 2020.

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17 novembre 2020

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